Lateral propagation and freezing of dikes at slow spreading mid-ocean ridges, with implications for small-scale ridge segmentatioin
For slow spreading ridges where most of the melt supply is probably
highly focussed at disctrete magmatic centers in the middle of the
ridge segments, the ratio of total extension to magma-accomodated
extension is likely determined by the ability of magma freezing to
limit the distance that lateral dikes may travel along the ridge
axis. Thus the thermal viability of dikes is likely to be a major
factor controlling the observed along-axis variations in crustal
morphology. We simulate magma flow in the mid-ocean ridge dikes and
calculate how far they are able to propagate given some range of the
excess magma pressures at the source. Figure on the right shows
evolution of magma flow in a horizontal cross-section through the dike
middle and the associated temperature field in one of such
simulations. Colors denote dimensionless temperature, dark green being
the initial temperature of the host rocks and dark red is initial
magma temperature. Interface between solid and liquid corresponds to
the boundary between green and yellow (dimensionless freezing
temperature of 0.9). x_{N} is a dimensionless propagation
distance.
Our results indicate that for reasonable geophysical
parameters propagation distances of meter-wide dikes are of
the order of the wavelength of the along-axis variations in
crustal thickness and transform fault spacing at the slow
spreading mid-ocean ridges. This suggests that thermal
controls on the crustal melt delivery system may be an
important factor in modulating these variations. For more
details, and to learn how this affects our understanding of
the mid-ocean ridge tectonics, please see this paper. |